Turbocharging is a term used generally for any kind forced air induction through mechanical supercharger or with a turbine. The gas turbine is the most effective way to increase the internal combustion engine's power, known as a Turbocharger. Internal combustion engines are known to be very inefficient, using only one third of the energy resulting from combustion in order to rotate the crankshaft. The remaining two thirds are used for cooling, losing on the third for the exhaust system. For example, a naturally aspirated 200 hp engine throw the equivalent of 70 hp power as heat, directly on the exhaust pipe. However, a turbocharger uses exhaust gases, so most of the heat and exhaust gases are used to force more air into the engine.
The position of the turbocharger on the exhaust gallery restricts in some measure gas output from the engine, but power losses are much smaller than with a mechanical compressor. With a turbocharger the lost power is around 5-10 hp for each 100 hp the engine has. The size of a turbocharger is much smaller than that of mechanical compressor, so, bigger turbos can be added which increases the amount of air forced into the engine and the gain of the horse power is also substantially increased according to it's size.
The turbo compressors has 3 key parts: the gas turbine, bearings and air compressor. Gas turbine blades and air compressor blades are connected by a shaft mounted on bearings. Some turbines can support up to 2400 hp and have the option of ceramic ball bearings. There are several types of turbines, depending on specifications air compressor.
A: gas turbine blades
B: bearing and seal
D: shell gas turbine
E: plate separators
F: air compressor blades
G: air compressor casing
H: shell bearing
I: inlet mouth
J: outlet